Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Pakistan Launch Joint Defense Pact, Signaling Shift from US Security Umbrella

Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan have begun implementing joint defense commitments under the 'Mecca Alliance', a move that signals Riyadh's intent to diversify its security partnerships beyond the United States. While Saudi Arabia still relies on US intelligence support, it has been disappointed by the lack of direct military aid against Houthi attacks, prompting this strategic pivot. The development marks a notable shift in regional security dynamics, though the depth and operational scope of the new alliance remain unclear.