Iran's Sanctions Evasion Persists One Year After Snapback, at High Economic Cost

One year after the UN snapback mechanism reimposed sanctions on Iran, Tehran continues to evade restrictions through intermediaries, alternative shipping, and financial networks. However, the cost of circumvention—discounts, opaque networks, and inefficiencies—is draining the economy, highlighting the strategic toll of sanctions evasion. The report underscores the resilience of Iran's trade networks but also their economic fragility.