Canadian crude deepens Gulf Coast penetration, record 4.3M bpd exports

Canada's crude exports to the U.S. hit a record 4.3 million bpd in 2025, with growing volumes reaching the Gulf Coast refining hub. This deepens U.S. reliance on Canadian oil, now over 60% of crude imports, and shifts trade flows amid pipeline expansions. The trend underscores Canada's strategic role in U.S. energy security but raises questions about infrastructure constraints and price differentials.