PHEV Real-World CO2 Emissions 4.6x Higher Than Certified, ICCT Finds

ICCT study finds real-world CO2 emissions from plug-in hybrids registered 2021-2023 are 3.5 to 4.6 times higher than homologation values, driven by infrequent charging. This widens the gap between regulatory and actual emissions, undermining climate policy assumptions and potentially prompting stricter EU testing or fiscal measures.