Ireland imposes €2 handling fee on non-EU online goods from Nov 1

Ireland's Revenue will levy a €2 'union handling fee' per item on all goods imported from outside the EU starting 1 November, adding to existing customs and VAT costs for online shoppers. The measure is a domestic implementation of EU customs procedures, likely to raise consumer prices and potentially reduce cross-border e-commerce volumes. The exact scope of exemptions and impact on major platforms remains unclear.