US-Iran war escalates: attacks on Saudi pipeline, Red Sea infrastructure threaten oil supply

The US-Iran conflict has escalated to attacks on alternative energy export routes, including Saudi Arabia's East-West pipeline and Red Sea infrastructure, signaling a breakdown of mechanisms that previously contained energy market shocks. This raises the risk of significant oil supply disruptions and price spikes. The analysis in Foreign Affairs suggests Washington should pivot to diplomacy to end hostilities and protect key energy routes, though the actual policy shift remains uncertain.